As you can see above, the first is incorrect.
It doesn't mean anything because it's incorrect. Also, "the actions of feeling shame happen concurrently" doesn't make sense. You've use "actions" but only mentioned one - "feeling shame".
It doesn't matter how long ago the breaking occurred. If you start with "I was ashamed", we know we're talking about the past.
I was ashamed of the fact that my kids broke the vase. (You were ashamed at some time in the past, at some point after your kids broke the vase. We only know that they broke it sometime before you felt ashamed.)
I am ashamed of the fact that my kids broke the vase. (You're ashamed now that your kids broke the vase in the past. It doesn't matter when they did it.)