[Grammar] Ing or ed in reducing adjective and adverb clauses.

[mrmvp]

When to use ing and ed.

I know that I can use ing in gerund like

Smoking must be banned.

To describe a noun.

He is an annoying man.

With a verb.

He is wrting.


When reducing adjective and adverb clauses, I do not know should I use ing or ed.

All the food eaten by the king was delicious. Why is it eating?


The criminal robbing the bank last night got one million dollar. Why is not robbed?

Dressed in his class A uniform, the marine looked like a recruitment poster.

This made me in state of confusion. Commonly, the gerund comes in the beginning of the sentence. I do not know why it is not "dressing"?


Thank you in advance.

 

[jutfrank]

All the food eaten by the king was delicious. Why is it eating?

eaten is correct. eating is incorrect.

 

[bubbha]

"All the food eaten by the king was delicious" is a shortened way of saying "All the food that was eaten by the king was delicious".

 

[mrmvp]

The -ing form generally has an active meaning, the third form (past participle) a passive one.

The winning team ran triumphantly off the pitch. They had won.
The defeated team slunk off the pitch. They had been defeated.

I wrote some sentences. I hope anyone can see if they are correct or not.

Found injured severely in the desert, the girl was half awake and almost dead because she was thirsty.
The original sentence is
The girl who was found injured severely in the desert was half awake and almost dead because she was thirsty.
We can reduce the clause to
The girl found injured severely in the desert was half awake and almost dead.
Can we use semicolon?
The girl found injured severely in the desert ; was taken to nearest hospital.

The original sentence is
The money that was taken by the theif was divided between the criminals.
We can reduce it to
The money taken by the theif was divided between the criminals.

The man drinking over there is my husband.
The man who is drinking over there is my husband.
I think we can use both who and that since it is restrictive clause.
The man that (which) is drinking over there is my husband.

Happy with his achievement, the boy was the best student in the school.

Piscean, Jurfrank, and Bubbha. Thank you so much. :up:

 

[jutfrank]

Yes, you've got the right idea more or less.

Can we use semicolon?
The girl found injured severely in the desert ; was taken to nearest hospital.

No, you don't need a semicolon here.

 

[mrmvp]

'That' is possible in such defining relative clauses when the antecedent is a person in BrE. ''Which' isn't.

Thank you so much. I agree with you that "which" is incorrect. Are the rest of the sentences correct?

Thank you.