Before I retired, I heard "check in" used that way all the time.
The two sentences don't mean exactly the same thing, though.
Check in:
"Check in" is almost always used in a workplace or organizational situation and often implies monitoring of progress - either co-worker-to-co-worker or supervisor-to-employee:
- I want to check in with you about last month's totals.
- Let's check in tonight about Saturday's meeting agenda.
By the way, I hate that expression.
Talk to:
GS is right: "Talk to" is much more useful and natural in many more situations. I prefer "talk with," but "talk to" is perfectly natural.