What I mean here is why all the idea is incorrect. It does follow the rule concerning all used before countable nouns as it precedes the. So what's wrong about it?
It's wrong because it doesn't make sense.
Well, I've always thought it refers to entirety of sth. In this case, all the points included in the said idea.
I'm not sure exactly what you mean. Can you provide the phrase in the context you want to use it?
As you suspect, there is a semantic difference between
all the ... and
the whole ... I'll try to give you a brief outline of the basic difference:
Use
all the ... when you want to focus on the object
as comprising of a quantity. This could mean that it is composed of multiple objects, both physical (
all the people) or mental (
all the kinds of blue) or multiple instances of an event (
all the times I've cried). With singular noun phrases, the sense is more abstract (
all the money)/(
all the love in the world), sometimes signifying multiple or even infinite points on a conceptual scheme (
all of eternity)/(
use all the space in the room) but there is still a basic sense of quantity.
Use
the whole ... when you want to focus on the object as a
singular thing as an entirety.
Another way to explain this that may help is to notice that when you use
all the ..., this is really an ellipsis of
all of the .... In other words, there's a sense of
of-ness—the quantity must be 'of' something. Although it is also possible in some contexts to say
the whole of ..., the word
whole is usually used as an adjective in the sense we're dealing with here. In other words, there's no
of-ness. In that sense, it's not really a quantifier but rather a descriptive adjective. (I don't know how much any of this paragraph makes sense to you. If none of it does, just ignore it!)
These are two really quite different ideas, which can be easily seen with examples where only one of the words makes sense. In the following sentences, I've deliberately used the
wrong word:
Did you eat the whole food?
Did you eat all the dish?
They're blamed for the whole crime in the city.
I collected all the set.
She was talking throughout all the film.
Think about why these sentences are not right.